Technology and Sex Essay - 1991 Words

Technology and Sex Two years ago the word sexting did not exist. The combination of the words â€Å"sex† and â€Å"text† is now a term that is heavily discussed and causes issues for parents, students, educators, and law enforcement. Although there is no legal definition of sexting, it generally refers to writing sexually explicit messages, taking sexually explicit photos of themselves or others in their peer group and technologically transmitting those photos and/or messages to their peers. Now many people don’t know the problems associated with sexting. Most of these problems occur when one or all parties are minors. When a minor is involved there can be serious consequences that can follow a person for a life time. I interviewed Donna†¦show more content†¦Many teenagers do not understand that they can get in serious trouble for sexting. Something that was fun and innocent at first doesn’t turn out that way. The Dallas News interviewed a teenager about sexting. â€Å"Sammy, a 16-year old from the San Francisco Bay Area who asked that his last name not be used, said he has shared naked pictures of himself with girlfriends. He also shared naked pictures of someone else that a friend had sent him.† Sammy said â€Å"I just don’t see it as that big of a problem, personally.† (News)This attitude is an attribute to the problem. If teenagers don’t realize the risk that is involved, they are more likely to participate in this new technologic phase. Although sexting is a bigger issue if underage teens are participating, it’s not just teens that are getting in trouble with the law for sexting. A psychologist and New York author has conducted a survey of 323 anonymous volunteers to explore their attitudes toward the sexting experience. â€Å"Basically, sexters feel very positively towards sexting, whereas non-sexters think it’s a terrible idea† â€Å"People [aged] 13 to 19 are actively involved in sexting, but those [between] 20 to 26 are even more involved.† In JuneShow MoreRelatedThe Influence of Sex and Violence on Technology Essay1861 Words   |  8 Pagesrapid increase in the use of technology. Whether it is for environmental discoveries, weapon construction, or the cell phones and internet used by everyday people, technology is everywhere. And through this technology, images of sex and violence are being channeled on the TV, on the Internet and on our phones. This means that violence and sex is everywhere. 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Analysis Of A Valediction Forbidding Mourning

[Felicia Johnson] [Literature 1102] [05/04/2016] An Analysis of â€Å"A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning All relationships must withstand the test of time and distance. When separating, a couple will experience both physical and emotional anguish. Soulmates are said to experience a love with a deeper connection. In this complex yet completely romantic poem, A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning, John Donne employs conceit, symbolism, and tone to poetically paint a picture of the true love that exist between a man and his wife. John Donne was born on January22, 1572 to a Catholic family in England. (John Donne Biography) In his twenties Donne spent a lot of money on women, books and traveling. ( John Donne Biography) In 1601 Donne became a member of Parliament and married Anne More. ( John Donne Biography) Neither of the families approved of this union, and as a result Donne was imprisoned for a while.( John Donne Biography) The couple experienced financial difficulty for 8 years until Donne was payed a proper dowry.( John Donne Biography) John Donne renounced his religion and became ro yal Chaplin in 1615. It was then that the world would have a taste of the things that would later make him famous ( John Donne Biography). He was known for the eloquent sermons that made great use of his famous and elaborate metaphors. Donne fathered twelve children. Donne s wife Anne died while giving birth to their twelfth child ( John Donne Biography). HeShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of A Valediction : Forbidding Mourning737 Words   |  3 PagesA Valediction: Forbidding Mourning is one of those stories that the reader needs to pay close attention to because of how many messages it points out to those who always feel the need to have their relationship out in the open. The writer has a lot of valid points on how to keep a healthy relationship and not to worry about him while he is gone because it simply proves that they have a stronger relationship because they don’t show any pda. From earlier, like it was mentioned with the main messagesRead MoreAnalysis of A Valediction Forb idding Mourning by John Donne Essay832 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of A Valediction Forbidding Mourning by John Donne In A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning, John Donne uses many metaphors and images to convince his lover that even though they are going to be apart, their love will remain untainted. The prefix un- meaning to do the opposite of or is also used to reverse the meaning of a word. The definition of tainted is to be contaminated or to be touched or affected slightly with something bad. In short, untainted means to remain the same withoutRead MoreA Valediction : Forbidding Mourning1178 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is love? 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Vincent Hanley states in the article Poetry of John Donne, â€Å"One-sided love is not love at allRead MoreLove in HJohn Donne ´s A Valediction Forbidding Mourning and Andrew Marvell ´s To His Coy Mistress838 Words   |  4 Pagesregards to the differential between personalities and the world you of the author in question. Accordingly, the following analysis will be concentric upon discussing and analyzing the approach and understanding of love that two specific poets exhibit within their respective work. The first of these poets that will be analyzed is John Donne in his poem â€Å"A valediction forbidding Mourning†. Likewise, the sec ond which will be analyzed is Andrew Marvell’s â€Å"To His Coy Mistress†. Even though these two pointsRead MoreJohn Donne s Valediction : Forbidding Mourning1763 Words   |  8 Pagesresult in failure, with an eventual lack of love leading to a broken ending. This belief has largely existed throughout history, with multiple unions dissolved due to one spouse physically departing from the other. However, in John Donne’s Valediction: Forbidding Mourning, Donne presents a speaker in 1612 giving a farewell address to his lover to soothe her worries, emphasizing that the strength of their bond will not deteriorate despite their physical separation. Throughout the poem, Donne uses multipleRead MoreJohn Donne : A Medieval Man But A Metaphysical Poet2279 Words   |  10 Pagesthe most discussed and most analyzed. The term metaphysical developed from John Dryden describing Donne’s work as â€Å"[affecting] the metaphysics, not only in his satires, but in his a morous verses, where nature should only reign†(Dryden). After this analysis of Donne’s work, others such as Samuel Johnson began to use metaphysical when describing not only Donne’s poetry, but also the other poetry from this period, which was written similarly. 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Evidence Based Study Use of Personal Protective Equipment for ICU Nur

Question: Discuss about theEvidence Based Studyfor Use of Personal Protective Equipment for ICU Nurses. Answer: Key words: PPE, ICU nurses, critical care, challenges, advantages, hand washing, ventilated patients, MRSA infections, hospital settings, responsibility of the nurses, comparison of PPE and hand washing, health hazards, risk factors, practices of PPE, transmission of infections, measures of prevention, infection prevention control, ineffective hand hygiene Introduction Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) must be availed by the nurses who work at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) defines PPE as equipment worn by an employee in order to protect oneself from infectious materials. Nurses in ICU work in hazardous situations involving patients with contagious and life threatening diseases such as influenza, Ebola, tuberculosis, anthrax, rabies, small pox, cholera (Tweedy, 2014). To prevent the nurses from contracting the diseases, proper safety based equipment is necessary. PPE protects the nurses from pathogens, which might spread through contact, aerosols and droplets. This essay aims to provide a background of the selected nursing issue, which is use of personal protective equipment for ICU nurses on ventilated patients. The essay will provide details of the search terms, source of evidence, and criteria of selection of each article. The essay aims at explaining the levels of evidence and critically analyzing the practice recommendations based on the level of evidence and the relevance to nursing practice in the healthcare settings of New Zealand. In addition, the essay will suggest the further areas of study based on the findings of the researched evidences. Background of the Nursing Issue Personal protective equipment refers to the specialized equipments or clothing that is utilized for protecting the healthcare professionals and the patients from pathogens (Gomersall et al., 2006). It plays a significant role in creating a barrier between the individuals and the microorganisms. It includes facemasks, goggles, gowns and gloves. The use of Personal protective equipment for ICU nurses on ventilated patients is essential and the nurses should be educated regarding it in every possible way as it is concerned with the health and safety of the patients (Santos et al., 2016). The PICOT question that has been developed for the nursing issue is: Does the proper use of Personal Protective Equipment by the ICU nurses minimize the risk of nosocomial infections in the ventilated patients, in comparison to Hand washing? P (Population) - ICU nurses I (Interventions) - Proper utilization of PPE for ICU nurses on ventilated patients C (Comparison) - Hand washing by nurses in the ICU for ventilated patients O (outcome) - Reduce spreading of nosocomial infections T (Time frame) Measuring outcome in 6 weeks The literature survey has been carried out by referring to the research articles that has been published from the year 2006-2016, which describes the use of personal protective equipment for ICU nurses on ventilated patients. These articles has been searched in PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Science direct, Gideon, Google Scholar, Dopher, ELDIS, Health Evidence, HealthData.gov, Healthdirect, Medlineplus, Medscape, Ovid Nursing database, Oxford University Press Journals, PubMed Central databases. Critical Analysis of the Practice Based Recommendations Rozenbojm et al. (2015) (Level III- the evidence has been obtained from a controlled trial without involving randomization) has carried out a study in relation to the nurses using facial protective equipment. The suggestion has been made where the nurses should use FPE to protect themselves from contracting transmissible respiratory tract diseases while treating the patients. The higher level of evidence shows that the recommendation is applicable for nursing practice. Nichol et al. (2011) (Level IV- evidence has been obtained from a case control study) has carried out a similar study on FPE. Iten et al. (2015) (Level VI- evidence has been obtained from a single descriptive study) has carried out a study where Infection Control Specialists (ICS) have trained and supervised the nurses and staff in using PPE while handling patients with Ebola Virus disease and how to dispose off their waste without causing an outbreak, in an European setting. The evidence is low which shows that few su ch studies has been carried out in respect to Ebola virus. Beam et al. (2014) (Level IV) has carried out the study where the patients make basic mistakes while handling patients who are suffering from contagious diseases. Guidelines have been suggested for the nurses working in such a setting to use PPE measures in order not to contract the diseases. The high level of evidencing shows that the error study among the nursing practices still requires a detailed study as it is for their own safety. Jain et al. (2013) carried out a similar study (Level VI) where they have studied the factors that are responsible for limiting the use of PPE in respect to a tertiary care hospital. The nurses must be careful and alert and take it into their stride of using PPE as it is a matter of their health. The low level of evidence shows the lack of in depth study in this context and it can mistly be furthered by carrying out a population-based study. Shrestha (2014) (Level IV) has carried out a study on the impact that educational based intervention has on the nurses to inspire them to follow universally followed practices in respect to personal precautions. The low level of evidence shows that the study still has a lot of room for further exploration. Leonard and Timmins (2013) (Level VII- evidence has been obtained from expert communities) had carried out a study that involved the precautionary measures that has to be followed in order to safe guard the patients as well as the nurses from contracting blood-borne infections. PPE based guidelines must be followed and the low level of evidence shows that the sufficient information has not been collected from an in detailed study. Thorough research has to be carried out in order to validate the recommendations. Verbeek et al. (2016) (Level II) has carried out a study where stress has been laid on the usage of PPE by the nurses in order to reduce the prevalence of infection among the nurses. From the aspect of contaminated body fluids has been used to discuss the importance of PPE usage among the nurses. The high level of evidence shows that a thorough study has been carried out with the use of RCT and the values obtained show a high level of significance. Practice Recommendations in Relation to the Healthcare Settings of New Zealand Pesiridis et al. (2014) (Level II- evidence has been obtained from a randomized controlled trial) has carried out a study which has aimed at explaining the guidelines and safe practices for the nurses to follow during a disease related disaster. The high level of evidence shows that it can be applied in the New Zealand setting. de Carvalho Nagliate et al. (2013) (Level IV evidence has been obtained from a case control study) has also suggested standard precautionary measures which must be followed by the nurses while working with patients who are infected with contagious diseases and it is definitely more effective than hand washing. The evidence level is not exactly low and it can be applied in the New Zealand setting. Bin-Reza et al. (2012) (Level I- evidence has been obtained from systematic review of a RCT) has carried out a study where he has discussed the use of masks as well as respirators in order to prevent the transmission of influenza in the nurses working with them. The high level of evidence makes it eligible to be applied in the nursing setting of New Zealand. Eskander, Morsy Elfeky (2013) (Level VI) has carried out a study involving nurses in ICU and the knowledge and practices in regard to the infection control standard based precautions in an Egyptian Cancer Hospital setting. The low level of evidence shows that thorough research still needs to be carried out to be applied as a recommendation in respect to New Zealand nursing setting. Abad et al. (2014) (Level IV) has carried out a study basically to reduce the transmission of MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aueus) and VRE (Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus) among ICU patients by making sure the nurses follow proper PPE usage guidelines to prevent infection. Mitchell et al. (2013) (Level IV) has carried out studies in a Canadian setting where they have considered hospitals and has referred to the data collected from the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program. The high level of evidence shows that there is still a scope of research that needs to be carried out. Schwartz, Shapira Bar-Dayan (2014) (Level II) has carried out a study where the knowledge and confidence of the nurses in respect to PPE was evaluated in an Israeli setting during the H1N1 pandemic. The level of evidence is high and it can use in the nursing setting of New Zealand. Such a pandemic can hit New Zealand and during such a situation, the nurses must use PPE to reduce their chances of contracting the disease and be in a condition where they are abel to provide care and service to the patients. Valdez (2014)(Level VI) has carried out a study where he has recommended the safe practices that are adhered to PPE. The study that has been carried out has a low level of incidence because it neither targeted a particular population nor did it consider a particular setting where the guidelines could have been applied. The evidence is simply a single descriptive work considering the safe practices in respect to PPE have been outlined. Hence, this evidence cannot be used as a recomme ndation in respect to the nursing setting of New Zealand. Loveday et al. (2014 (Level VII) had carried out a study where they have outlined the National Evidence Based guidelines which has been used in preventing the Healthcare associated infections at NHS hospitals, part of the England setting. the lower level of evidence is very low and it is mostly because the study is limited in England only. However, the guidelines are quite applicable to nursing practice in any setting. Hence, they can be recommended for the nursing practice in New Zealand setting. Butt et al. (2016) (Level II) has carried out a study where prevention practices for infection by MERS (Middle- East Respiratory Syndrome) has been suggested in respect to the Saudi Arabian setting. The guidelines have been suggested in order to prevent the patient and the nurses from contracting the disease. The guidelines suggested can be applied to nursing setting in New Zealand since the level of evidence is high. Most of the guidelines have suggested that PPE is a better method than hand washing. Hence, the recommendations were suggested which are inclined more towards the usage of PPE as the best measure for preventing the infection among the nurses. Further Areas of Study Based on the findings of the evidence search, the further areas of study include the development of novel methods for maintaining hand hygiene by using PPE by ICU nurses for the ventilated patients. Since, the patients that are admitted have critical condition and they require appropriate and care for recovering their health effectively (Hickman, 2015). The traditional and the current methods practiced by the nurses and the other healthcare professionals, sometimes fail to accomplish the goal of maintaining the health and safety of the patients. Therefore, the new methods will be more accurate and will help the nurses and the other healthcare professionals in an efficient manner. Conclusion The analysis of all the chosen articles has illustrated all the levels of evidence and has provided information regarding the comparison of hand washing and PPE by the ICU nurses for the ventilated patients. The evaluation regarding the adequacy of the information provided has been carried out for allowing the computation of comparable dimensions of outcome across studies. Additionally for the potential risk factors, it has been noted that a preponderance of the studies have demonstrated a significant correlation concerning the assessment of appropriate utilization of hand washing and PPE for ICU nurses on ventilated patients and only some of the studies have not revealed such significant relationship between these two. References: Abad, C. L., Pulia, M. S., Krupp, A., Safdar, N. (2014). Reducing Transmission of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus in the ICUAn Update on Prevention and Infection Control Practices.JCOM,21(5). Beam, E. L., Gibbs, S. G., Hewlett, A. L., Iwen, P. C., Nuss, S. L., Smith, P. W. (2014). Method for investigating nursing behaviors related to isolation care.American journal of infection control,42(11), 1152-1156. bin?Reza, F., Lopez Chavarrias, V., Nicoll, A., Chamberland, M. E. (2012). The use of masks and respirators to prevent transmission of influenza: a systematic review of the scientific evidence.Influenza and other respiratory viruses,6(4), 257-267. Butt, T. S., Koutlakis-Barron, I., AlJumaah, S., AlThawadi, S., AlMofada, S. (2016). Infection control and prevention practices implemented to reduce transmission risk of Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus in a tertiary care institution in Saudi Arabia.American journal of infection control,44(5), 605-611. De Carvalho Nagliate, P., Nogueira, P. C., de Godoy, S., Mendes, I. A. C. (2013). Measures of knowledge about standard precautions: A literature review in nursing.Nurse education in practice,13(4), 244-249. Eskander, H. G., Morsy, W. Y. M., Elfeky, H. A. A. (2013). Intensive Care Nurses Knowledge Practices regarding Infection Control StandardPrecautions at a Selected Egyptian Cancer Hospital.prevention,4(19). Gomersall, C. D., Joynt, G. M., Ho, O. M., Ip, M., Yap, F., Derrick, J. L., Leung, P. (2006). Transmission of SARS to healthcare workers. The experience of a Hong Kong ICU.Intensive care medicine,32(4), 564-569. Hickman, C. (2015). Literature Review of Nosocomial Infections Passed Through Nurses' Personal Items. Iten, A., Charati, M. N., Ginet, C., Brennenstuhl, P., Pittet, D. (2015). Burden for the infection control programme of a European hospital of getting prepared and treat a patient (PT) with Ebola virus disease (EVD).Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control,4(1), 1. Jain, M., Dogra, V., Mishra, B., Thakur, A., Loomba, P. S. (2013). Factors limiting the usage of personal protective equipment in a tertiary-care hospital.Canadian Journal of Infection Control,28(2). Leonard, L., Timmins, F. (2013). Remembering the importance of preventing blood?borne infections in the critical care setting.Nursing in critical care,18(1), 4-7. Loveday, H. P., Wilson, J., Pratt, R. J., Golsorkhi, M., Tingle, A., Bak, A., ... Wilcox, M. (2014). epic3: national evidence-based guidelines for preventing healthcare-associated infections in NHS hospitals in England.Journal of Hospital Infection,86, S1-S70. Mitchell, R., Roth, V., Gravel, D., Astrakianakis, G., Bryce, E., Forgie, S., ... Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program. (2013). Are health care workers protected? An observational study of selection and removal of personal protective equipment in Canadian acute care hospitals.American journal of infection control,41(3), 240-244. Nichol, K., McGeer, A., Bigelow, P., O'Brien-Pallas, L., Scott, J., Holness, D. L. (2013). Behind the mask: Determinants of nurse's adherence to facial protective equipment.American journal of infection control,41(1), 8-13. Pesiridis, T., Sourtzi, P., Galanis, P., Kalokairinou, A. (2015). Development, implementation and evaluation of a disaster training programme for nurses: A Switching Replications randomized controlled trial.Nurse education in practice,15(1), 63-67. Rozenbojm, M. D., Nichol, K., Spielmann, S., Holness, D. L. (2015). Hospital unit safety climate: Relationship with nurses' adherence to recommended use of facial protective equipment.American journal of infection control,43(2), 115-120. Santos, D. G., de Medeiros, S. M., Chaves, A. E. P., de Sousa, Y. G., Silva, A. C. R., de Menezes, R. M. P., de Arajo, M. S. (2016). Accidents by Sharp Instruments of Nursing Professionals in a Hospital Unit.International Archives of Medicine,9(1). Schwartz, D., Shapira, S., Bar-Dayan, Y. (2014). Health care workers knowledge and confidence in personal protective equipment during the H1N1 pandemic in Israel.Disaster Med Public Health Prep,11, 1-8. Shrestha, I. (2015). Impact of Educational Intervention on Knowledge and Practice of Universal Precautions among Nurses.Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences,1(1), 57-60. Siegel, J. D., Rhinehart, E., Jackson, M., Chiarello, L. (2007). 2007 guideline for isolation precautions: preventing transmission of infectious agents in health care settings.American journal of infection control,35(10), S65-S164. Tweedy, J. T. (2014).Healthcare Safety for Nursing Personnel: An Organizational Guide to Achieving Results. CRC Press. Valdez, A. M. (2015). Are You Covered? Safe Practices for the use of Personal Protective Equipment.Journal of Emergency Nursing,41(2), 154-157. Verbeek, J. H., Ijaz, S., Mischke, C., Ruotsalainen, J. H., Mkel, E., Neuvonen, K., ... Mihalache, R. C. (2015). Personal protective equipment for preventing highly infectious diseases due to exposure to contaminated body fluids in healthcare staff.The Cochrane Library.